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P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID
| Flammability | 1 | |
| Toxicity | 2 | |
| Body Contact | 2 | |
| Reactivity | 1 | |
| Chronic | 2 | |
| SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4 | ||
Dye intermediate, pharmaceuticals, nutrition, UV absorber in suntan lotions.
C7-H7-N-O2, C7-H7-N-O2, NH2C6H4CO2H, "aminobenzoic acid", "gamma-aminobenzoic acid", "4-
aminobenzoic acid", "4-aminobenzoic acid", 1-amino-4-carboxybenzene, 1-amino-4-
carboxybenzene, p-carboxyaniline, p-carboxyaniline, 4-carboxyaniline, 4-carboxyaniline, p-
carboxyphenylamine, p-carboxyphenylamine, "benzoic acid, p-amino-", "benzoic acid, p-
amino-", "benzoic acid, 4-amino-", "benzoic acid, 4-amino-", PABA, Amben, "Anticanitic
Vitamin", "Anti-Chromotrichia Factor", "Bacterial Vitamin H1", "Chromotrichia Factor",
Pabanol, Paraminol, Paranate, Sunbrella, "Trichochromogenic Factor", "Vitamin BX",
"Vitamin H'"
None
Harmful if swallowed.
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. The substance and/or its metabolites may bind to hemoglobin inhibiting normal uptake of oxygen. This condition, known as "methemoglobinemia", is a form of oxygen starvation (anoxia). Symptoms include cyanosis (a bluish discoloration skin and mucous membranes) and breathing difficulties. Symptoms may not be evident until several hours after exposure. At about 15% concentration of blood methemoglobin there is observable cyanosis of the lips, nose and earlobes. Symptoms may be absent although euphoria, flushed face and headache are commonly experienced. At 25-40%, cyanosis is marked but little disability occurs other than that produced on physical exertion. At 40-60%, symptoms include weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, increasingly severe headache, ataxia, rapid shallow respiration, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy and stupor. Above 60% symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, tachycardia or bradycardia, and convulsions. Levels exceeding 70% may be fatal.
This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons.
This material can cause inflammation of the skin oncontact in some persons. The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition. Skin contact is not thought to produce harmful health effects (as classified using animal models). Systemic harm, however, has been identified following exposure of animals by at least one other route and the material may still produce health damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. Good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting. Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage. The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects following inhalation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, adverse effects have been produced following exposure of animals by at least one other route and good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an occupational setting. Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.
Long-term exposure to respiratory irritants may result in disease of the airways involving difficult breathing and related systemic problems. There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment. Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems. There is limited evidence that, skin contact with this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray. Most arylamines are powerful poisons to the blood-making system. High chronic doses cause congestion of the spleen and tumor formation. Chronic feeding studies indicate rats are resistant to p-aminobenzoic acid with acute gastroenteritis and haemorrhage of the small intestine capillaries being involved in any toxic effect. Acute necrosis of the liver occurred in some dogs during feeding trials.
