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Endothelial PGC-1α Mediates Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes
Naoki Sawada, Aihua Jiang, Fumihiko Takizawa, Adeel Safdar, Andre Manika, Yevgenia Tesmenitsky, Kyu-Tae Kang, Joyce Bischoff, Hermann Kalwa, Juliano L. Sartoretto, Yasutomi Kamei, Laura E. Benjamin, Hirotaka Watada, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Yasutomi Higashikuni, Chase W. Kessinger, Farouc A. Jaffer, Thomas Michel, Masataka Sata, Kevin Croce, Rica Tanaka, Zolt Arany
Endothelial dysfunction is a central hallmark of diabetes. The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α is a powerful regulator of metabolism, but its role in endothelial cells remains poorly understood. We show here that endothelial PGC-1α expression is high in diabetic rodents and humans and that PGC-1α powerfully blocks endothelial migration in cell culture and vasculogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, PGC-1α induces Notch signaling, blunts activation of Rac/Akt/eNOS signaling, and renders endothelial cells unresponsive to established angiogenic factors. Transgenic overexpression of PGC-1α in the endothelium mimics multiple diabetic phenotypes, including aberrant re-endothelialization after carotid injury, blunted wound healing, and reduced blood flow recovery after hindlimb ischemia. Conversely, deletion of endothelial PGC-1α rescues the blunted wound healing and recovery from hindlimb ischemia seen in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Endothelial PGC-1α thus potently inhibits endothelial function and angiogenesis, and induction of endothelial PGC-1α contributes to multiple aspects of vascular dysfunction in diabetes